03/02/2021 / By Michael Alexander
After managing a vegetable garden for a full season, the next logical step is to harvest your fruits and vegetables, as well as other produce from your beloved plants. But before you start thinking about how to use your harvest in your next meal, you should also think of harvesting the seeds – and preparing them for the next season.
Harvesting and preparing seeds are essential steps for home growers. This ensures that you will always have seeds from your favorite variety on hand. This also helps you save money by allowing you to grow your food instead of buying it from a grocery. (Related: Home gardening tips: For how long can you store vegetable seeds?)
There are several factors to consider before you harvest and store seeds. For instance, you should take into account the genetic purity of the plant whose seeds you are saving. Experts say that only seeds from open-pollinated or heirloom varieties must be saved, and not the ones from hybrids.
Open-pollinated plants will produce offspring that replicates the parents. That is, its seeds will breed true to type. This is in contrast to hybrids, which will not produce the same variety that you originally planted. You should also collect seeds once these have matured. This will ensure that they remain viable and will germinate during the next planting season. It’s worth noting that seeds don’t mature at the same time as the fruits and vegetables they come from. Most seeds only reach maturity once the fruits and vegetables have withered or rotted away.
That being said, here are some of the ways that you can save seeds from your crops:
Tomatoes and cucumbers
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) contain seeds that are covered by mucilage which need to be removed via fermentation before the seeds can be successfully dried and stored.
As fermentation will often release smelly odors, it is best to do this process in a well-ventilated area.
Peppers
Squashes and pumpkins
Similar to tomatoes and cucumbers, squashes and pumpkins contain seeds that are covered in a stringy and pulpy mass. However, unlike tomatoes and cucumbers, these can be easily cleaned under running water, with no need for any fermentation.
Peas and beans
Once your harvested seeds are completely dry, they must be stored inside dry, secure and airtight containers and kept in a cool, dry area.
Large seeds, such as beans and other legumes, can be stored in dry, airtight cans, while small seeds, such as those from peppers and tomatoes, can be stored in washed-out pill bottles or glass jars. To ensure that no moisture reaches the seeds, you can put a desiccant packet at the very bottom of the containers for good measure.
When done right, gardening can be very fulfilling and can be a good first step towards food security and independence. Hence, one must learn how to harvest viable seeds that can be used in the next growing season.
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